Geography of Georgia – Landscapes, Regions & Natural Wonders

Georgia is located on the ancient crossroads of Europe and Asia, which is known as the Caucasian isthmus.
Immediate neighboring countries of Georgia are such CIS countries as the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkey, which is a member of NATO.
Georgia is located in such geopolitical region where Christian and Muslim worlds are closely interwoven.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Georgia’s geopolitical situation has changed dramatically. Earlier, Georgia was in the transport impasse. But now, the shortest way from Middle and Central Asia to Europe runs through Georgia.

Geography of Georgia – Landscapes, Regions & Natural Wonders

Georgia is located on the ancient crossroads of Europe and Asia, which is known as the Caucasian isthmus.
Immediate neighboring countries of Georgia are such CIS countries as the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkey, which is a member of NATO.
Georgia is located in such geopolitical region where Christian and Muslim worlds are closely interwoven.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Georgia’s geopolitical situation has changed dramatically. Earlier, Georgia was in the transport impasse. But now, the shortest way from Middle and Central Asia to Europe runs through Georgia.

Transport and geographical location

The transport complex is one of the most important sectors of the Georgian economy.

🚢 Strategic Ports: Batumi and Poti Ports connect Georgia to the Black Sea and the World.
🛣️ Transit Hub: The shortest way from Central Asia to Europe runs through Georgia.
🌍 Crossroads: Located at the ancient crossroads of Europe and Asia.

Physiographic
location

Georgia is located in the central part of the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt.
Almost all types of subtropical climate zone – a humid subtropical climate, moderately moist, moderately dry and dry continental – are formed in Georgia.
Due to placing on the isthmus, which connects Europe and Asia, different habitats of flora and fauna coexist well in Georgia. Natural conditions of plains in West Georgia differ from the plains of Eastern Georgia, and the nature of the Caucasus Mountains differs from the natural mountain environment of South Georgia.
Almost all types of soil, existing in the world, are presented in Georgia. The country is even called “The Museum of Soils.”

Air temperature

The air temperature in Georgia has a distinct seasonal variation.
In January, the highest temperatures are observed in the Colchis lowland and adjacent foothills –here the temperature is about +4 ° +6 °. It is especially warm in Batumi (+7 °). In eastern Georgia it is colder. January temperature in the plains is about -1 ° +1 °.
The lowest average temperatures are on the meteorological station Kazbegi (-42 °) and Akhalkalaki plateau (-41 °).
Summer in the East Georgia is warmer than in the West.
In Tbilisi, the absolute maximum temperature is +40 °, and minimum is -23 °.

❄️ Winter
Plains: -1° to +1°C
Mountains: -42°C

☀️ Summer
East Georgia: +40°C
Warm & Sunny

🏔️ Special
Batumi: +7°C (Jan) Highest humidity.

Lakes and rivers

The main watershed of Georgia is the Surami Ridge, which separates basins of the river Mtkvari from the rivers of West Georgia. The Mtkvari River flows into the closed Caspian Sea, and the rivers of West Georgia – in the Black Sea.

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Lakes in Georgia
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Total Area (sq.km)

Mtkvari River – Flows into the Caspian Sea

PEAKS

Shkhara: 5068 m (16,627 ft)

Mkinvartsveri (Kazbek): 5047 m (16,558 ft)

Shota Rustaveli: 4860 m (15,944 ft)

Tetnuldi: 4858 m (15,938 ft)

Ushba: 4700 m (15,419 ft)

Aylama: 4547 m (14,917 ft)

Flora and Fauna

Flora of Georgia is rich and various. Exact number of species found in Georgia cannot be specified. |It counts approximately13,300 species. 4,225 species of them are seed-bearing plants.
In Georgia we have 380 endemic plants, found only in our country.
Forest vegetation in Georgia is widespread. Forests cover one-third of the country.

Flora of Georgia is rich and various. Exact number of species found in Georgia cannot be specified. |It counts approximately13,300 species. 4,225 species of them are seed-bearing plants.
In Georgia we have 380 endemic plants, found only in our country.
Forest vegetation in Georgia is widespread. Forests cover one-third of the country.

The Red Book of Georgia

The Red Book of Georgia was printed in 1982. It listed information on 65 rare and endangered species. It also listed information on 161 species of plants. The Red Book contains information on 77 sites of inorganic nature (geologic-morphologic and hydrographic).